LIGNOCAINE

LIGNOCAINE or LIDOCAINE 

It's widely used local anesthetic (LA) and anti arrhythmic Agent in clinical settings.

Trade name : xylocaine

Route of administration : 

• IV - intravenous
• SC - subcutaneous
• Oral 
• Topical

Bioavailability : 35% by mouth 

                               3% topical 

Onset of action - with in 1.5 - 2 min 

Duration of action : 10 - 15 min IV

                              30 min to 3 hrs topical 

Excretion : through kidney 

Medical uses 

1). Local anesthetic agent / local numbing agent 

• Applied on skin or mucous membrane to numb the Area  
•  Rapid onset of action & intermediate duration of efficacy .
• Used as nerve blocker 
• Mechanism of action 
• It block / reduce the conduction of signals by nerve 
• To double the action of LA 
• Mixed with adrenaline to prolong local effect as adrenaline delay reabsorption of lidocaine .
• Most commonly used local anesthetic in dentistry 
• As nerve block during dental procedures
• Used as surface anesthesia in procedures endoscopy &  before intubation 
• Used in minor opthalmic procedures
• Topical lidocaine used in
•  neuropathic pain 
• Skin graft sonar site pain 
• Transdermal patches 
• Containing 5% conc. Of lidocaine
• Used for Persistent pain after surgery 

2). Anti arrhythmic Agent 

• Used in treatment of ventricular arrhythmias ( for acute MI , digoxin poisoning or cardiac catheterization)
• Mechanism of action
• It is sodium channel blocker hence decrease Conduction of impulse by heart muscles 
• Used after defibrillation, CPR & vasopressors 

4). Vasoconstrictor 

Lidocaine + small amount of Adrenaline used to cease  bleeding 

3). Anti epileptic agent 

 2nd line treatment of Neonatal epilepsy 

4).Cough suppressant 

Inhaled lidocaine reduce cough reflex .

5). Used in gastritis 

Drinking Viscous lidocaine relive gastritis pain.

Common ADR's (adverse drug reactions)

Headache , dizziness , drowsiness, confusion, visual disturbance & tinnitus.